What is the role of guide vanes in a centrifugal compressor?

Guide vanes in a centrifugal compressor primarily serve to control the flow of air entering the impeller, directly impacting the compressor’s capacity. By adjusting the angle or position of these vanes, operators can modulate the amount of air that enters the compressor, which in turn influences the output of the compressor and its operational efficiency. This flow control is crucial, particularly in applications where the demand for air may vary, allowing for better performance across a range of operating conditions.

These vanes ensure that the airflow is properly aligned and directed into the impeller for optimal energy transfer. While guide vanes may indirectly affect other factors, such as pressure and efficiency, their primary function is centered on managing the compressor's capacity effectively. The efficiency gains and pressure increases are part of the broader system's response to well-controlled flow, but the core role remains focused on capacity management.